Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development
نویسندگان
چکیده
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................229 Clinical Leishmaniasis ...........................................................................................................................................229 Self-limiting cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis .......................................................................................230 Nonhealing and systemic leishmaniasis ..........................................................................................................232 Relationships between pathogenesis and genetics of the host and parasite ..............................................232 Experimental Leishmaniasis .................................................................................................................................232 Experimental models of cutaneous leishmaniasis..........................................................................................233 Experimental models of systemic leishmaniasis ............................................................................................233 HISTORY OF LEISHMANIA VACCINES...............................................................................................................234 Current Vaccines.....................................................................................................................................................234 Killed Vaccines........................................................................................................................................................234 Live-Attenuated Vaccines.......................................................................................................................................235 Recombinant and Synthetic Vaccines ..................................................................................................................236 Expression of Immunogens in Bacteria and Viruses.........................................................................................236 Synthetic Peptides...................................................................................................................................................237 Nonprotein Antigens...............................................................................................................................................237 Naked DNA Vaccines..............................................................................................................................................237 PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BEFORE A LEISHMANIA VACCINE BECOMES A REALITY ...................238 Protective Antigens .................................................................................................................................................238 Safety ........................................................................................................................................................................238 Delivery and Adjuvants ..........................................................................................................................................238 Use of Cytokines as Adjuvant ...............................................................................................................................239 Immunostimulatory Effects of Bacterial DNA ....................................................................................................239 Drugs or Vaccines for Disease Control? .............................................................................................................239 CONCLUSIONS .........................................................................................................................................................239 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................240 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................240
منابع مشابه
Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................229 Clinical Leishmaniasis ...........................................................................................................................................229 Self-limiting cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis ...............
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